Hopp til innhold

#KlimaOslo

Size: medium

Type: image

Trikk i Gamlebyen. Foto: Håkon Stavland Lexberg

Rapport

Climate Budget 2025

The City Government will pursue a more proactive climate and environmental policy. We must reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect nature so that future generations can live good and free lives. Oslo needs more parks and green spaces, and less pollution. It should always be rewarding to live as environmentally friendly as possible. The City Government’s goal is for the Climate Budget to become a more effective governance tool for all municipal agencies.

The Climate Budget includes mitigation measures to be implemented during the 2025–2028 economic planning period, aligned with Oslo’s five climate goals. The responsibility for implementing these measures are distributed among municipal agencies and entails reporting requirements similar to those for the overall budget.

Deep dive: The technical appendix outlines the methodology behind the results shown in the Climate Budget 2025. This includes how approved measures have been calculated and the uncertainties in these calculations.

Size: medium

Type: image

En rød bybuss stopper ved et gatekryss, omsluttet av folk som krysser midt i moderne bygninger mot klar himmel. Scenen gir et dynamisk faggrunnlag for urbant liv, som fanger dansen til hverdagsbevegelser og arkitektonisk bakteppe.

Rapport

Supporting Materials for Oslo’s Climate Budget 2025

The City of Oslo uses the climate budget as a governance tool to systematize and target its climate work. The climate budget is an integrated part of the financial budget and puts climate work on the agenda in all municipal budget discussions. Climate considerations are also included in the city’s formal budget documents for the agencies.

The climate budget contains measures to be implemented during the financial plan period and assigns responsibility for implementation and reporting. The measures in the climate budget are reported on three times a year, in line with other budget reporting, providing a clear overview of progress and opportunities for adjustments.

This document is a technical appendix to the Climate Budget 2025, Proposition 1/2025, the City Government’s 2025 budget proposal, and the financial plan for 2025-2028. The document outlines the methodology behind the results shown in the Climate Budget 2025. This includes how approved measures have been calculated and the uncertainties in these calculations. Additionally, it describes identified measures that are not yet adopted but could help close the gap toward achieving the climate goals.

Size: medium

Type: image

elektriske bygge- og anleggsprosjekter. Ladekabel til gravemaskin.

Rapport

Guidelines for Zero Emission Construction Sites

The City of Oslo requires all municipal construction and infrastructure projects to be 100% emission-free.

Hafslund Rådgivning has developed two guidelines. The purpose is to inform contractors who are planning and designing infrastructure for electrical construction projects, with a particular focus on charging infrastructure for construction machinery. They are intended to be useful tools in the process of sizing electrical installations and serve as a supplement to existing procedures and knowledge on project planning among contractors.

  • Guideline for Zero Emission Construction Sites – Building Construction
  • Guideline for Zero Emission Construction Sites – Infrastructure and Road Construction

The guides are divided into six main sections, based on the phases contractors must go through when planning electrical projects.

The guidelines are developed as part of the EU-funded Power Up a REnewable Society (PURE) project under Horizon Europe and Net Zero Cities

Size: x-small

Type: color

Summary in English: Oslo – Pioneering City for Zero-Emission Heavy Transport

Oslo – Pioneering City for Zero-Emission Heavy Transport

Summary in English: Oslo – Pioneering City for Zero-Emission Heavy Transport

In 2020, the City of Oslo launched a dedicated project to reduce emissions from heavy transport, called Pioneering City for Zero-Emission Heavy Transport.” Since then, the City has worked strategically to drive the transition of heavy transport toward zero emissions through targeted measures. The goal of being a leading city applies both to demonstrate to other cities what is possible and which measures are effective, and to show the national government that national policies and frameworks are needed to achieve this transition. 

The transition of Oslo's heavy duty vehicle fleet has accelerated

The registration of trucks over 12 tons has seen a significant development between 2018 and 2024 in Oslo. Until 2018, the registration of heavy-duty vehicles consisted exclusively of fossil fuel vehicles. By 2024, electric trucks accounted for 15.9% of new registrations, and biogas-powered trucks made up to 17.0%. 

The development in the fleet of trucks over 12 tons during the same period shows a gradual shift to zero-emission alternatives in Oslo. The average operational time of a truck in Norway is approximately 6-7 years (DNV, 2021), and the transition pace in the vehicle fleet reflects this. At the same time, the number of electric trucks increased from 13 in 2020 to 184 in 2024, and biogas-powered trucks increased from 135 in 2020 to 411 in 2024. In 2018, almost the entire truck fleet in Oslo was fossil-fueled, while electric trucks now make up 4.9% of all trucks over 12 tons, and biogas-powered trucks account for 8.5% of the fleet. 

Figurer utarbeidet av Hafslund rådgivning i forbindelse med foregangsbyprosjektet

Development of new car registrations and fleet of trucks over 12 tons from 2018 to 2024.

Compared to national truck sales figures for 2024, Oslo is significantly ahead in transitioning to zero-emission vehicles. For trucks over 12 tons, electric and biogas-powered vehicles account for 16% and 17% of new vehicle sales in Oslo, whereas the corresponding national figures are only 7% and 11%. In the vehicle fleet, electric and biogas-powered trucks account for 4% and 9% in Oslo, while the shares in the surrounding region of Akershus are 2% and 6%. The national fleet figures are 1% and 3%, respectively. These numbers indicate that it is more attractive to have zero-emission vehicles in Oslo compared to the rest of the country. Many of the vehicles operating in Oslo are registered and have depots in Akershus, and many of the measures implemented in Oslo have also influenced new vehicle sales and the fleet composition in Akershus. Consequently, the transition of vehicles in Akershus also contributes to emission reductions locally in Oslo. 

Figurer utarbeidet av Hafslund rådgivning i forbindelse med foregangsbyprosjektet

Todays status for new registrations and vehicle fleet for trucks over 12 tons and 3.5 tons in Oslo, Akershus and Norway.

It is attractive to use zero-emission vehicles in Oslo

The distribution of crossings through the toll rings, Outer city border (Bygrensen), Extended city centre (Osloringen), and City centre (Oslo indre), is shown in the figure below. It provides insight into how electric and biogas-powered trucks are used in different parts of the city. Figure 13 in Chapter 2.3 shows the locations of the toll rings on the map. Zero-emission vehicles account for an increasing proportion of crossings the closer one gets to the city center. Electric trucks have a particularly high share in City centre where the proportion of electric vehicle crossings is double compared to the others. This development can be explained by the fact that electric trucks are often used for tasks in the core city centre, and that those most affected by the toll system have a stronger economic incentive to transition. 

Figurer utarbeidet av Hafslund rådgivning i forbindelse med foregangsbyprosjektet

Passings through the toll rings in Oslo in October 2024 distributed by electric and fuel (Fjellinjen, 2024)

Overall, there is a development where zero-emission trucks pass through the toll rings more frequently than their fleet share alone would suggest. This may be partly because zero-emission vehicles registered in neighbouring county  Akershus are often used on routes that frequently pass through Oslo’s inner toll rings. Many major distributors have depots in Akershus, and their vehicles are therefore registered in Akershus but operate extensively in Oslo. Additionally, this development can be explained by the fact that electric and biogas-powered trucks are prioritized for distribution and goods transport within the toll rings, where they achieve significant economic benefits from toll exemptions. 

To accelerate the transition to zero-emission vehicles, the City of Oslo has implemented a range of local measures and policies:

Direct City resource measures 

  • City establishment of fast charging (2020–2025) 
  • Establishment of biogas and hydrogen stations (2018–2023) 
  • Transition of the City’s own vehicle fleet (2017 – ongoing) 

Grants 

  • Grant program for publicly accessible fast charging (2022–2024) 
  • Grants program truck and bus charging (2021 – ongoing) 
  • Grant program for biogas stations (2022–2023) 

Toll ring measures 

  • Exemption for zero-emission heavy vehicles in the toll ring (2017 – ongoing) 
  • Exemption for biogas trucks (2022 – ongoing) 
  • Policy to ensure predictability for phasing out fossil vehicles (2022 and 2024) 
  • Significant increase in fossil fuel toll rates (2024–2028) 

Procurement requirements 

  • Procurement requirements and emphasis on environment in construction and mass transport projects (2019 – ongoing) 
  • Requirements and emphasis on zero-emission and biogas vehicles in transport procurement (2019 – ongoing) 

Communication and collaboration 

  • Launch of the website fossilfrilastebil.no (2021 – ongoing) 
  • Dialogue and communication through platforms like the business climate network  “Næring for klima (NFK)” (2020 – ongoing) 
  • Communication campaigns (2021–2023) 
  • Meetings with suppliers and manufacturers, presentations (2020 – ongoing) 
  • Media outreach (2020 – ongoing) 
  • Guidance and dialogue with other cities and municipalities (2020 – ongoing) 

Testing and facilitation 

  • Loading/unloading zones and parking spaces for zero-emission vehicles (2019 – ongoing) 
  • Participation in pilot projects (2020 – ongoing) 
  • Facilitation of energy stations in the City area plan (KPA) (2021 – ongoing) 

Political influence over national authorities 

  • Assessment of zero-emission zones (2020–2023) 
  • Access to bus lanes for electric vehicles (2020 – ongoing) 
  • Input to national processes (2020 – ongoing) 

National policies and technological development also influence the fleet transition

National measures and policies also impact developments in Oslo. National frameworks, subsidies, and plans provide an important foundation for vehicle transition across the country. In parallel with the local initiatives, several national policies and measures have been introduced, including: 

  • Subsidies for purchasing zero-emission and biogas vehicles. 
  • Subsidies for fast charging. 
  • National charging strategy, charging plan, and heavy vehicle package in the National Transport Plan (NTP). 
  • Environmental requirements in public procurement. 

The national measures had varying degrees of impact on the transition of the heavy transport fleet in Oslo. For example, subsidies for purchasing zero-emission vehicles have been actively used by transport operators in Oslo, while no fast-charging stations have been established in the City through Enova’s national support programs. 

The transition to zero-emission trucks in Oslo has been influenced by several factors beyond policy measures. Development has been driven by a combination of technological advancements, change in market, and influence from major industry players with ambitious climate goals. Electric and biogas-powered trucks have become more available and cost-effective in recent years, reducing previous barriers to investing in new solutions. This has been an important driver of the transition. 

Figurer utarbeidet av Hafslund rådgivning i forbindelse med foregangsbyprosjektet

Timeline of the implemented measures to facilitate the transition.

Targeted efforts have made Oslo a leading city for zero-emission heavy transport

The measures introduced over the past six years have played a crucial role in driving the transition of the heavy duty vehicle fleet in Oslo. By combining financial incentives such as grant programs and differentiated toll rates with the active use of procurement leverage, targeted communication efforts, and platforms for cooperation and dialogue with the transport sector, the City has created an ecosystem of measures that stimulate the transport sector’s transition. Although it is the sum of all contributions that has led to success, certain measures have been particularly important for development during this period: 

  • Strategic use of procurement power through requirements and weighting in public procurement has been an important incentive for the transition. 
  • Differentiated toll rates have made choosing electric and biogas vehicles economically advantageous in Oslo. 
  • The interaction between the City’s and Enova’s subsidies has contributed to reduced investment costs for vehicles and an improved charging infrastructure. 
  • Communication initiatives and predictability in regulatory frameworks and measures are also prerequisites for a successful transition. 

The combination of the measures mentioned above has been crucial to achieving the overall impact on the vehicle fleet. To maintain progress in the transition to zero-emission heavy transport, it is necessary to further develop existing measures and explore new initiatives. The measures implemented so far have now taken hold, and the transition has begun to accelerate. This, combined with more modern technology and larger transport operators placing demands on their subcontractors, suggests that the transition is likely to speed up with continued implementation of measures.

Going forward, it is recommended to further develop the charging and fueling infrastructure in the city, focus on increased regional development and cooperation, and carry out targeted efforts aimed at smaller transport operators to ensure their transition as well. In addition, the City should continue its political work towards national authorities to improve regulatory frameworks, while maintaining continuity and predictability in its own measures, with a focus on successful initiatives. 

Size: medium

Type: image

Rapport

Oslo – Pioneering City for Zero-Emission Heavy Transport

The City of Oslo aims to reduce emissions by 95% by 2030. To achieve this, virtually all use of fossil fuels in the city must be eliminated. When Oslo Municipality developed the foundation for the Climate Strategy, which was adopted for 2030, heavy transport was identified as one of the most challenging sectors to fully decarbonise. Road traffic in Oslo accounts for as much as 42% of the city’s GHG emissions, with heavy duty vehicles alone responsible for 13%. To meet Oslo’s target of reducing 95% of direct emissions by 2030, heavy transport must transition from fossil fuels to electricity, hydrogen, or biogas.

Since the Climate Strategy was adopted in 2020, a range of measures and initiatives have been introduced to support this transition. These efforts have yielded results, and significant progress has been made in just a few years in terms of industry readiness, technological development, and the introduction of zero-emission lorries in new segments. However, there is still a long way to go before heavy transport in Oslo becomes fully emission-free.

On behalf of Oslo’s Climate Agency, Hafslund Consulting has conducted a study that summarises the climate efforts Oslo has undertaken for heavy transport in the city and examines the measures that have been implemented. The environmental foundation ZERO has contributed to the project by providing sector-specific expertise, quality assurance, and input on technological developments, historical context, and the effectiveness of policy measures. The Climate Agency has supported the work by providing an overview and descriptions of implemented measures and initiatives, as well as input and text for the final report.

The purpose of the report is to highlight how Oslo Municipality has worked to reduce emissions from heavy vehicles in collaboration with various stakeholders and how these efforts have contributed to the transition in the heavy transport sector. This can serve as both a learning resource and inspiration for other cities, both in Norway and internationally, that seek to reduce emissions from heavy transport.

Size: medium

Type: image

En kvinne kjører en lastesykkel med to barn bakerst, alle med hjelm. En kurv med poser er festet foran på sykkelen. Trær og bygninger er i bakgrunnen.

Rapport

Klimaetatens årsberetning for 2024

Klimaetaten skal være en pådriver for å nå målet om at Oslo skal bli en klimarobust nullutslippsby. Klimaetaten har ansvar for oppfølging av Klimastrategi for Oslo 2020–2030 og forvaltning av ordningen Tilskudd til klima- og energitiltak. Klimaetaten har ansvaret for det faglige grunnlaget for klimabudsjettet og skal være en rådgiver og pådriver i gjennomføringen av tiltakene i klimabudsjettet.

Klimaetaten skal være pådriver for og bidra til kraftfull klimaledelse og -styring i Oslo kommune. Etaten skal også koordinere kommunens klimatilpasningsarbeid, energi og sirkulærøkonomi. Etaten skal være et sentralt fagmiljø i kommunen og skal samarbeide med befolkningen, næringslivet, kunnskapsmiljøer, organisasjoner og andre offentlige myndigheter for å utvikle gode klimaløsninger i Oslo. Etaten skal mobilisere til atferdsendring for å nå Oslos klimamål og bygge nettverk for gjennomføring av klimatiltak.

Årsberetningen oppsummerer etatens aktiviteter og resultater i 2024.

Size: medium

Type: image

På en travel byggeplass losser en dumper effektivt en grushaug, med forgangsutstyr og ruvende bygninger som står stolte i bakgrunnen.

Rapport

Oslo som foregangsby for utslippsfri tungtransport

Oslo kommune skal redusere utslippene med 95 prosent innen 2030. For å lykkes med dette må så godt som all bruk av fossilt drivstoff i byen fjernes. Da Oslo kommune utarbeidet grunnlaget for Klimastrategien, som ble vedtatt for 2030, ble tungtransport identifisert som en av de mest utfordrende sektorene å fjerne alle utslipp fra. Veitrafikken i Oslo representerer hele 42 % av byens utslipp, og hele 13 % (121 ktonn CO2) kommer fra tunge kjøretøy. For at Oslo skal nå sitt mål om at 95 % av de direkte utslippene skal reduseres innen 2030, må tungtransporten omstilles fra fossile drivstoff el-, hydrogen eller biogass.

Siden Klimastrategien ble vedtatt i 2020 har det vært introdusert en rekke virkemidler og initiativer for å bidra til ønsket omstilling. Dette har gitt resultater, og man har på få år kommet langt i arbeidet med å modne bransjen, bidra til teknologiutvikling og introdusere utslippsfrie lastebiler i nye segmenter. Det er likevel mye som gjenstår før tungtransporten i Oslo er utslippsfri.

Hafslund Rådgivning har, på vegne av Klimaetaten i Oslo kommune gjennomført en utredning som oppsummerer klimaarbeidet Oslo kommune har gjort rettet mot tungtransporten i byen, og drøfter virkemidlene som har blitt introdusert. Miljøstiftelsen ZERO har bidratt i prosjektet med bransjespesifikk kunnskap, kvalitetssikring og innspill innen teknologiutvikling, historikk og
virkemidlenes effekt. Klimaetaten i Oslo har bistått med oversikt og beskrivelser av gjennomførte virkemidler og tiltak, samt innspill og tekst til sluttrapporten.

Formålet med rapporten er å vise hvordan Oslo kommune har arbeidet med å redusere utslipp fra tunge kjøretøy, i samarbeid med andre aktører, og hvordan dette arbeidet har bidratt til omstilling i tungtransporten. Dette kan være læring og inspirasjon for andre byer både i Norge og internasjonalt som ønsker å jobbe med utslippsreduksjon fra tungtransporten.

Size: medium

Type: image

To personer sitter på en gresskledd åsside i den europeiske grønne hovedstaden, med utsikt over et bybilde med trær, bygninger og fjerne åser under klar himmel.

Rapport

European Green Capital – Oslo’s 5 year report

The blue and the green and the city in between – this is the setting for the European Green Capital of Oslo. Surrounded, as it is, by green forested hills on one side and the blue Oslo Fjord on the other, easy access to nature is a key factor in Oslo’s high livability.

This access is greatly treasured by Oslo’s citizens. Oslo’s population is growing, now exceeding 700 000. The city enjoys low unemployment rates and relatively high average incomes and standards of living. However, property prices are among the highest in Norway, making affordability a significant issue. Additionally, the city faces challenges related to economic inequality in certain areas, youth unemployment, and the integration of immigrants into the labour market.

In Oslo, the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals are an important foundation for our social and spatial planning. Sustainable development means meeting the needs of today’s population without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. The Sustainable Development Goals encompass three dimensions: climate and environmental, economic, and social. Oslo is committed to integrating all 17 Sustainable Development Goals into our daily operations and services, striving to make a positive impact and contribute to their global achievement.

The municipal master plan is the primary governance tool, facilitating comprehensive and long-term development of the city. The plan, which contains a social as well as a land use element, balances various interests and needs, ensuring that development aligns with overarching goals and strategies.

It also ensures that land use, transportation, housing development, business growth, and environ[1]mental considerations are coordinated in a way that promotes sustainability and quality of life for our citizens.

The social element of the plan is currently under revision and comprises six goals, one of which is that Oslo will be green and vibrant. This goal comprises the following themes:

  • ▸ Climate-resilient zero emission city
  • ▸ Developing and improving environmentally friendly modes of travel
  • ▸ Sustainable energy supply
  • ▸ Saving the Oslo Fjord and conserving forests
  • ▸ Making space for nature in the city
  • ▸ Circular economy

There is strong cross-party consensus in Oslo on the importance of safeguarding biodiversity and livelihoods for future generations, ensuring that we leave nature and the environment in at least as good a condition as we inherited them from our parents. The City of Oslo holds a dual responsibility: as a steward of the city’s climate and environment, and as a capacity builder for its citizens and businesses.

We must actively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change. In addition, the city is committed to minimizing other forms of pollution, such as waste, noise and air pollution, preserving green structure and biodiversity, and ensuring safe water for all. Surveys indicate that 8 out of 10 citizens are happy in Oslo, with increased satisfaction in air quality, noise conditions and traffic levels compared to 2018, and a higher usage of parks and recreational areas.

Since Oslo’s year as the European Green Capital in 2019, we have made significant strides towards becoming a greener and more sustainable city, as illustrated by the following trends:

  • ▸ Greenhouse gas emissions in Oslo have been reduced by 28 per cent from 2009 to 2022.
  • ▸ Greenhouse gas emissions from the City of Oslo’s own operations have been reduced by 86 per cent from 2012 to 2022.
  • ▸ Air pollution and the amount of household waste has decreased, while noise pollution has remained stable. Air and noise pollution are greatest on major roads and in the central parts of the city.
  • ▸ New green areas have been established at the same time as the city’s population has grown.

In 2021, 27 per cent of the urban area was zoned as green area and as much as 47 per cent was covered by vegetation. Some important innovations which have contributed to our becoming a more sustainable city are procurement standards that require municipal construction sites to be zero emission from January 2025, ambitious policies that promote the transition from fossil to electric vehicles, a prize winning approach to mainstreaming climate into decision-making processes through annual climate budgets, the reopening of buried watercourses, and the restoration of peatbogs to enhance biodiversity and carbon sequestration.

Finally, we would like to highlight the importance of citizen engagement and participation in the green transition. Without the support and active contribution of our citizens, Oslo would not have achieved the status of Green Capital. We are proud to say that Oslo entering 2025 is a living example of what can be achieved when a city and its people come together to create a sustainable future. We hope this report will inspire other cities and communities to follow in Oslo’s footsteps and work towards a greener and more sustainable world.

Size: medium

Type: image

elektriske bygge- og anleggsprosjekter. Ladekabel til gravemaskin.

Rapport

Veiledere for elektriske bygge- og anleggsprosjekter

Fra 1. januar 2025 stiller Oslo kommune krav om at alle kommunale bygge- og anleggsprosjekter skal være 100% utslippsfrie. Målgruppen for disse to veilederne er derfor først og fremst entrenrenører som opererer i Oslo-området.

Hafslund Rådgivning har laget to veiledere:

  • Veileder for elektriske byggeprosjekter
  • Veileder for elektriske anleggsprosjekter – infrastruktur og vei

Veilederne har som formål å opplyse entreprenører som skal planlegge og dimensjonere infrastruktur til elektriske anleggsprosjekter, med fokus på ladeinfrastruktur til anleggsmaskiner. De er ment å være et nyttig verktøy i prosessen for dimensjonering av det elektriske anlegget, og er et supplement til eksisterende rutiner og kunnskap om prosjektplanlegging hos entreprenører.

Veilederne er delt inn i seks hoveddeler, basert på fasene som entreprenørene må gjennomføre i planleggingen av elektriske prosjekter.

Size: medium

Type: image

Tordenskyer over Oslo. Foto: Liz Palm

Rapport

Ekstremnedbør i Oslo – skadeomfang og kostnader

Rambøll har på oppdrag fra Oslo kommune, Klimaetaten, gjennomført en studie knyttet til skadeomfang og kostnader ved ekstremnedbør og etterfølgende urban flom i Oslo sentrum. Det er utarbeidet en komplett katalog med enhetspriser og terskelverdier for de mest sentrale hoved- og underkategorier. Kostnadene er dels basert på norske tall, og dels basert på internasjonale erfaringstall tilpasset norske forhold. Katalogen og beskrevne metoder vil kunne brukes for hele Oslo.

For å illustrere bruk av metoden er det utført en analyse av et studieområde i Oslo sentrum, nærmere bestemt på Bislett. For dette studieområdet er skadeomfang beskrevet og kostnadsberegnet i detalj, for en tenkt hendelse, basert på de grunnlagsdata som ble fremskaffet til analysen. Scenarioet som er analysert er en ekstremnedbørhendelse som tilsvarer den såkalte «Københavnhendelsen», som er ca. 3 ganger større enn det som er målt i Oslo tidligere. Likevel er det ikke usannsynlig at en slik hendelse også vil kunne skje i Oslo, ref. senere års hendelser i nordiske byer siste 5 år.

Resultatene viste som forventet meget omfattende skader, og de totale kostnader ble beregnet til minst 580 millioner kroner. Dette tilsvarer ca 1060 kr/m2 sum studieområde. Skader på bygninger og innbo utgjør den høyeste kostnaden på ca 351 mill NOK, og av dette utgjør private bygg ca. 260 mill NOK. Deretter følger skader på kritisk infrastruktur, hvor skader på vei dominerer og utgjør ca. 138 mill NOK av totalt 226 mill NOK. Skader på trikk og VA/rør/kabel-grøfter utgjør til sammen ca. 80 mill NOK av 216 mil NOK.